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排序方式: 共有1799条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Y-M. Chang D. Gianola B. Heringstad & G. Klemetsdal 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(5):290-300
Robust threshold models with multivariate Student's t or multivariate Slash link functions were employed to infer genetic parameters of clinical mastitis at different stages of lactation, with each cow defining a cluster of records. The robust fits were compared with that from a multivariate probit model via a pseudo‐Bayes factor and an analysis of residuals. Clinical mastitis records on 36 178 first‐lactation Norwegian Red cows from 5286 herds, daughters of 245 sires, were analysed. The opportunity for infection interval, going from 30 days pre‐calving to 300 days postpartum, was divided into four periods: (i) ?30 to 0 days pre‐calving; (ii) 1–30 days; (iii) 31–120 days; and (iv) 121–300 days of lactation. Within each period, absence or presence of clinical mastitis was scored as 0 or 1 respectively. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods were used to draw samples from posterior distributions of interest. Pseudo‐Bayes factors strongly favoured the multivariate Slash and Student's t models over the probit model. The posterior mean of the degrees of freedom parameter for the Slash model was 2.2, indicating heavy tails of the liability distribution. The posterior mean of the degrees of freedom for the Student's t model was 8.5, also pointing away from a normal liability for clinical mastitis. A residual was the observed phenotype (0 or 1) minus the posterior mean of the probability of mastitis. The Slash and Student's t models tended to have smaller residuals than the probit model in cows that contracted mastitis. Heritability of liability to clinical mastitis was 0.13–0.14 before calving, and ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 after calving in the robust models. Genetic correlations were between 0.50 and 0.73, suggesting that clinical mastitis resistance is not the same trait across periods, corroborating earlier findings with probit models. 相似文献
32.
文章对金属构件中残余应力的产生原因及影响进行了详细分析,提出了控制和消除残余应力的方法,明确了控制和消除残余应力的重要性。 相似文献
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34.
洪永聪 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,26(3):181-183
在大田甘蓝地中,以从菜园土壤和菠菜叶片分离得到的氯氰菊酯降解菌株T-1和菌株Y-3为研究对象,采用气相色谱法检测,对降解菌降解氯氰菊酯的残留动态进行研究。结果表明:与对照相比,降解菌对氯氰菊酯的降解有促进作用;菌株Y-3和菌株T-1在土壤中对氯氰菊酯的降解动态基本类似,半衰期均为10d;具有内生性的菌株Y-3在甘蓝植株体内对氯氰菊酯降解效果较好,半衰期为7d。 相似文献
35.
毛竹残次林分改造技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对失管多年的毛竹残次林分采用封山育竹、劈草、锄草、深翻垦复和补栽毛竹等一系列营林措施,3年恢复毛竹成林,毛竹林面积从16.47hm2扩大到19.27hm2,立竹密度从555株/hm2提高到2295株/hm2,立竹平均胸径从7.2cm提高到9.9cm,3年后就能采伐利用,取得了显著的经济、生态效益。 相似文献
36.
XU Jinmei ZHAO Rongjun FEI Benhua Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P.R.China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2007,6(3):45-50
The objective of this study is to determine the properties of G. amplexifolia. In this paper; the chemical composition, including holocellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, benzene-ethanol extractives and ash content, was considered for the variability with respect to positions along bamboo culm height (bottom, middle and top), parts along radial direction (inner part and outer part)and ages (1-year and 2- year). The test results were also compared to those of moso that is commonly planted and used in China. This study indicated that both the holocellulosecontent and the lignin content in inner part were lower than ; in outer part, but for extractives and ash content, the reverse was true. Bamboo age also had effect on chemical composition; both the holocellulose content and the ash content in the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year; while the lignin content and the extractive content m the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year. High holocellulose content, low lignin contentand extractive content were advantages of G. amplexifolia. 相似文献
37.
To elucidate the formation mechanism of acidsoluble lignin (ASL) formed in the Klason lignin determination, beech wood meals were treated with sulfuric acid (SA) under various conditions, and the ASL solution was extracted with CHC13. The results indicated the following: (1) wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA during the initial stage; (2) the quantity of ASL is highest during the initial stage, then decreases with prolonged time of 72% SA treatment and finally reaches a constant value; (3) soluble lignin prepared by 72% SA treatment and subsequent standing in 3% SA again yield insoluble Klason lignin and ASL after boiling in 3% SA; and (4) about half the amount of ASL is dissolved in CHC13. The foregoing suggest that wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA at the beginning and finally change to ASL after being subjected to depolymerization, hydrolysis, and other reactions. ASL may thus be composed of low-molecular-weight degradation products and hydrophilic derivatives of lignin. 相似文献
38.
Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface). 相似文献
39.
Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered
to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and
their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were
prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical
analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin,
holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the
nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed
during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In
addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated
carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important
role in the expression of board performance. 相似文献
40.